Germany is to send Leopard 2 tanks to Ukraine, in a move that marks a significant breakthrough in western efforts to bolster Kyiv’s fight against the Russian army.
A person familiar with the matter confirmed Germany would send the tanks, though he would not provide details as to how many and what type were under consideration.
A report in the German news outlet Spiegel Online, which first reported the move, said Berlin would send at least a company of Leopard 2A6s — typically about 14 tanks. It said they would come from the stocks of the Bundeswehr, the German army.
Berlin is also to give the green light to Warsaw’s request to send some of Poland’s Leopards to Ukraine, according to officials. A senior Polish official confirmed the decision to allow the export of Leopard 2s to Ukraine.
The decision to send tanks marks a U-turn for Germany’s chancellor Olaf Scholz, who had long hesitated to provide Ukraine with heavy armour, fearing it would increase the risk of a direct confrontation between Russia and Nato.
He has also stressed that Germany would never go it alone when it came to tanks and insisted it would only act in lockstep with its allies, principally the US.
However, the clamour for tanks has become impossible to ignore. The frontline in the war has barely budged in recent weeks and Kyiv says western tanks would help it to regain the initiative and reconquer occupied territory. It also says it needs them to deter a renewed Russian offensive that is widely expected in early spring.
Relations between Berlin and Washington were strained last week after a number of media outlets reported Scholz as saying Germany would not send tanks to Ukraine unless the US did the same. German officials later denied any such “linkage”.
However, recent developments suggest that, after days of intense consultations, the US and Germany have agreed to act in concert on tanks. That would mirror a similar move by the two countries in early January, when they jointly announced they would both provide infantry fighting vehicles to Ukraine — US Bradleys and German Marders.
Two US officials on Tuesday said Washington was actively considering sending its Abrams tanks to Ukraine, after previously being sceptical about such a move because of the challenges involved from a logistical and training point of view. The Biden administration has been facing growing pressure from Democrats and Republicans on Capitol Hill to send the Abrams in an effort to break Germany’s resistance to sending its own tanks. The White House and the Pentagon declined to comment.
The pressure on Scholz to rethink his position on tanks has been intensifying over the past few weeks but reached a peak last Friday after a meeting of western defence officials at the Ramstein US air base in western Germany which was called to step up military aid.
Germany had been expected to announce at Ramstein that it would send tanks to Kyiv — or at least allow others to do so. Scholz has the power to grant or withhold permission for the 13 nations across Europe that use the Leopard 2 to re-export them. However, the meeting failed to deliver a breakthrough.
Scholz then endured a barrage of criticism from Germany’s allies, particularly in eastern Europe and the Baltic, who urged him to show leadership. Poland, which wants to form a coalition of nations prepared to share their stocks of Leopards with Ukraine, has been particularly vocal on the question of sending heavy armour.
“I hope that the answer from the Germans will come quickly this time,” Poland’s prime minister Mateusz Morawiecki said earlier on Tuesday. “They are procrastinating, acting in a way that is difficult to understand.”
Pressure also came from Scholz’s coalition partners, the Greens and liberals, who criticised him publicly for failing to give the green light for the supply of tanks — both those held by the Bundeswehr and by Germany’s allies.
Shortly before news of Scholz’s move on Leopards first broke, Russia warned of unspecified consequences if the west provided tanks to Ukraine. “Relations are already at a pretty low point and there is no sign of any substantive dialogue with Germany and the other countries of the EU and Nato,” said Dmitry Peskov, president Vladimir Putin’s spokesperson, according to Interfax.
“These supplies don’t mean anything good for the future of the relationship. They will definitely leave an inevitable mark,” he added.
Additional reporting by Barbara Erling in Warsaw and Max Seddon in Riga